Biology Chapter 1:

The Science of Biology

Section 1-1 What is Science? (pages 3-7) This section explains what the goal of science is and describes a scientific view of the world

 

What Science Is and Is Not (page 3)

  1. What is the goal of science? _____________________________________________________________
  2. What is science? ______________________________________________________________________

 

Thinking Like a Scientist (page 4)

  1. What is observation? __________________________________________________________________
  2. The information gathered from observation is called _________________________
  3. Complete the table about types of data

Types of Data

Type

Data Involves

Example

 

Numbers

 

 

Characteristics that cannot be easily measured or counted

 

 

  1. What is an inference? __________________________________________________________________

 

Explaining and Interpreting Evidence (page 5)

  1. What is a hypothesis? __________________________________________________________________
  2. In science, a hypothesis is useful only if it can be ____________________________
  3. True or False – A hypothesis should be stated in such a way that it can never be proved wrong.
  4. What are three ways form which hypotheses may arise? _____________________________________

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  1. Circle the letter of each of the following that may be an outcome of testing a hypothesis

a. The hypothesis is partly true but needs to be revised   b. They hypothesis is wrong

c. They hypothesis is supported                                        d. The hypothesis is of no value

 

Science as a Way of Knowing (page 6)

  1. What do scientists assume about the universe? ______________________________________________
  2. What are some qualities that are desirable in a scientist? ______________________________________

 

Science and Human Values (page 7)

  1. True or False/ A community must use its shared values to make decisions about scientific issues. ______

 

Section 1 – 2 How Scientist Work (pages 8-15) This section explains how scientist test hypotheses.  It also describes how a scientific theory develop

 

Designing an Experiment (page 8-10)

  1. The idea that life can arise form nonliving matter is called _____________________________________
  2. What was Francesco Redi’s hypothesis about the appearance of maggots? ________________________
  3. What are variables in an experiment? ____________________________________________________
  4. Ideally, how many variables should an experiment test at a time? ______________________________
  5. When a variable is kept unchanged in an experiment, it is said to be ___________________________
  6. What is a controlled experiment? ________________________________________________________
  7. Draw an illustration below that shows Redi’s experiment

 

 

 

  1. Complete the table about variables

Variables

Type of Variable

Definition

Manipulated variable

 

Responding variable

 

 

  1. In Redi’s experiment, what were the manipulated variable and the responding variable? _____________

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  1. For what do scientist us the data from a controlled experiment? ________________________________
  2. When scientists look for explanations for specific observations, what do they assume about nature?

_____________________________________________________________________________________-

 

Publishing and Repeating Investigations (pages 10-13)

  1. Why do scientists assume that experimental results can be reproduced? _________________________
  2. What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek discover? ______________________________________________
  3. What did John Needham conclude from his test of Redi’s findings? ____________________________

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  1. What did Spallanzani do to improve upon Redi’s and Needham’s work? ________________________

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  1. How did Pasteur settle the spontaneous generation argument? ________________________________

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When Experiments Are Not Possible (page 14)

  1. In animal field studies, why do scientists usually try to work without making the animals aware that humans are present? ___________________________________________________________________
  2. When a controlled experiment is not possible, why do scientists try to identify as many relevant variables as possible? __________________________________________________________________

 

How a Theory Develops (pages 14-15)

  1. The theory that new organisms come from existing organisms is called _________________________
  2. In science, what is a theory? ___________________________________________________________
  3. True or False? A theory may be revised or replaced by more useful explanation.

 

Section 1-3 Studying Life (pages 16-22) This section describes the characteristics of living things.  It also explains how life can be studied at different levels

 

Introduction (page 16)

  1. What is biology? _____________________________________________________________________
  2.  

Characteristics of Living Things (pages 16-20)

  1. What is a cell? _______________________________________________________________________
  2. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about cells.

a.       A cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can be considered alive

b.      A multicellular organism may contain trillions of cells

c.       A living thing that consists of a single cell is a multicellular organism

d.      Organisms are made up of cells

  1. What are two types of asexual reproduction? _______________________________________________
  2. living things are based of a universal ________________________________

    3.
  3. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about living things.

a.       The life cycle of many organisms involves development

b.      For bacteria, growth is mostly a simple increase in size

c.       Each type of organism has a distinctive life cycle

d.      Cells may change in number but never differentiate.

  1. Why does an organism need energy and a constant supply of materials? _________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________-

  1. What is metabolism? ________________________________________________________________
  2. True or False – All organisms respond to the environment in exactly the same ways. _______________
  3. What is homeostasis? _______________________________________________________________
  4. A group of organisms that changes over time is said to ___________________

 

Branches of Biology (pages 20 -21): Match the different kinds of biologist with the focus of their study.

            Kinds of Biologist                                          Focus of Study

  1. Zoologist ________                                        a. Plants
  2. Botanist _________                                        b. Ancient life
  3. Paleontologist _________                              c. Animals

 

  1. Draw each level of study:  Population, Biosphere, Cell

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. The largest level of biological study is the ___________________________

 

Biology in Everyday Life (page 22)

  1. What kinds of information can the study of biology provide about matters affecting human society?

_________________________________________________________________________________________-

 

Section 1-4: Tools and Procedures (pages 24-28) This section describes the measurement system that most scientist use.  It also describes light microscopes, electron microscopes, and laboratory techniques

 

A Common Measurement System (page 24)

1.  Why do scientists need a common system of measurement? _________________________________

2.  When collecting data and doing experiments, what system of measurement do scientist use? _______

3.  What is the metric system? __________________________________________________________

4. Complete each equation by writing the correct number or metric unit

                        a. 1000 meters = 1 _______________

                        b. 1 liter = _______________ milliliters

                        c. 1 gram = ________________ milligrams

                        d. 1000 kilograms = 1 ______________________

 

Analyzing Biological Data (page 25)

5. When scientists collect data, what are they often trying to find out? ___________________________

6.  What does a graph of data make easier to recognize and understand than a table of data? __________

 

Microscopes (pages 25-26)

7. What are microscopes? ____________________________________________________________

8.  What are compound light microscopes? _____________________________________________

            9.  How do chemical stains make light microscopes more useful? _______________________________

            10.  What are the two main types of electron microscopes? ____________________________________

            11. Compare how a TEM and a SEM produce images. ________________________________________

            ____________________________________________________________________________________

            12. How must samples be prepared for observation by an electron microscope?

            ___________________________________________________________________________________-

            ___________________________________________________________________________________-

 

Laboratory Techniques (page 27)

            13. A group of cells grown in a nutrient solution from a single original cell is called a _______________

            14. What technique do biologists use to separate one part of a cell from the rest of the cell?

                        ___________________________________

 

Working Safely in Biology (page 28)

  1. What is the single most important rule for your safety while working in a laboratory?

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